Post by Admin on Aug 25, 2023 15:06:05 GMT
Sjögren syndrome
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_syndrome
Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body's moisture-producing glands (lacrimal and salivary),[4] and often seriously affects other organ systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.[8]
History, epidemiology and prognosis
The disease was described in 1933 by Henrik Sjögren, after whom it is named, but a number of earlier descriptions of people with the symptoms exist.[3] Between 0.2 and 1.2% of the population is affected, with half having the primary form and half the secondary form.[7] It is around 10 times more common in women than in men.[3] Though the disease commonly begins in middle age, people of any age can be affected.[2][3] Among those without other autoimmune disorders, life expectancy is unchanged.[6]
Symptoms
Primary symptoms are dryness (dry mouth and dry eyes[2]), pain and fatigue.[9] Other symptoms can include dry skin, vaginal dryness, a chronic cough, numbness in the arms and legs, feeling tired, muscle and joint pains, and thyroid problems.[4] Those affected are also at an increased risk (15%) of lymphoma.[2][7]
While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetics and an environmental trigger such as exposure to a virus or bacterium.[4] It can occur independently of other health problems (primary Sjögren's syndrome) or as a result of another connective tissue disorder (secondary Sjögren's syndrome).[3] Sjögren's syndrome may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or systemic sclerosis. The inflammation that results progressively damages the glands.[7] Diagnosis is by biopsy of moisture-producing glands and blood tests for specific antibodies.[2] On biopsy there are typically lymphocytes within the glands.[2]
While Sjögren's syndrome[10] is one of the most common auto-immune diseases, it has no specific and non-invasive diagnostic tests and treatment is directed at managing the person's symptoms.[4] For dry eyes, artificial tears, medications to reduce inflammation, punctal plugs, or surgery to shut the tear ducts may be tried.[4] For a dry mouth, chewing gum (preferably sugar-free), sipping water, or a saliva substitute may be used.[4] In those with joint or muscle pain, ibuprofen may be used.[4] Medications that can cause dryness, such as antihistamines, may also be stopped.[4] The most specific extant diagnostic test requires lip biopsy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_syndrome
Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body's moisture-producing glands (lacrimal and salivary),[4] and often seriously affects other organ systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.[8]
History, epidemiology and prognosis
The disease was described in 1933 by Henrik Sjögren, after whom it is named, but a number of earlier descriptions of people with the symptoms exist.[3] Between 0.2 and 1.2% of the population is affected, with half having the primary form and half the secondary form.[7] It is around 10 times more common in women than in men.[3] Though the disease commonly begins in middle age, people of any age can be affected.[2][3] Among those without other autoimmune disorders, life expectancy is unchanged.[6]
Symptoms
Primary symptoms are dryness (dry mouth and dry eyes[2]), pain and fatigue.[9] Other symptoms can include dry skin, vaginal dryness, a chronic cough, numbness in the arms and legs, feeling tired, muscle and joint pains, and thyroid problems.[4] Those affected are also at an increased risk (15%) of lymphoma.[2][7]
While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetics and an environmental trigger such as exposure to a virus or bacterium.[4] It can occur independently of other health problems (primary Sjögren's syndrome) or as a result of another connective tissue disorder (secondary Sjögren's syndrome).[3] Sjögren's syndrome may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or systemic sclerosis. The inflammation that results progressively damages the glands.[7] Diagnosis is by biopsy of moisture-producing glands and blood tests for specific antibodies.[2] On biopsy there are typically lymphocytes within the glands.[2]
While Sjögren's syndrome[10] is one of the most common auto-immune diseases, it has no specific and non-invasive diagnostic tests and treatment is directed at managing the person's symptoms.[4] For dry eyes, artificial tears, medications to reduce inflammation, punctal plugs, or surgery to shut the tear ducts may be tried.[4] For a dry mouth, chewing gum (preferably sugar-free), sipping water, or a saliva substitute may be used.[4] In those with joint or muscle pain, ibuprofen may be used.[4] Medications that can cause dryness, such as antihistamines, may also be stopped.[4] The most specific extant diagnostic test requires lip biopsy.