Post by Admin on Mar 26, 2021 23:05:09 GMT
Neurosis
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosis
Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress, but neither delusions nor hallucinations. The term is no longer used by the professional psychiatric community in the United States, having been eliminated from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980 with the publication of DSM III. However, it is still used in the ICD-10 Chapter V F40–48.
Neurosis should not be mistaken for psychosis, which refers to a loss of touch with reality. Nor should it be mistaken for neuroticism, a fundamental personality trait proposed in the Big Five personality traits theory.
Depression (mood)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity.[1] It can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of well-being. [2] The core symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which refers to loss of interest or a loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities that usually bring joy to people.[3] Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia;[4] it is a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one; and it is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments. It may feature sadness, difficulty in thinking and concentration and a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping. People experiencing depression may have feelings of dejection, hopelessness and, sometimes, suicidal thoughts. It can either be short term or long term.
Anxiety
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.[1] It includes subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events.[2][need quotation to verify]
Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.[3] It is often accompanied by muscular tension,[4] restlessness, fatigue and problems in concentration. Anxiety is closely related to fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat; anxiety involves the expectation of future threat.[4] People facing anxiety may withdraw from situations which have provoked anxiety in the past.[5]
Anxiety disorders differ from developmentally normative fear or anxiety by being excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods. They differ from transient fear or anxiety, often stress-induced, by being persistent (e.g., typically lasting 6 months or more), although the criterion for duration is intended as a general guide with allowance for some degree of flexibility and is sometimes of shorter duration in children.[4]
Obsessive–compulsive disorder
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which a person has certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions") or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly (called "compulsions") to an extent that generates distress or impairs general functioning.[1][2] The person is unable to control either the thoughts or activities for more than a short period of time.[1] Common compulsions include hand washing, counting of things, and checking to see if a door is locked.[1] These activities occur to such a degree that the person's daily life is negatively affected,[1] often taking up more than an hour a day.[2] Most adults realize that the behaviors do not make sense.[1] The condition is associated with tics, anxiety disorder, and an increased risk of suicide.[2][3]
The cause is unknown.[1] There appear to be some genetic components, with both identical twins more often affected than both non-identical twins.[2] Risk factors include a history of child abuse or other stress-inducing event.[2] Some cases have been documented to occur following infections.[2] The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and requires ruling out other drug-related or medical causes.[2] Rating scales such as the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) can be used to assess the severity.[7] Other disorders with similar symptoms include anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, tic disorders, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder.[2]
Treatment involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and sometimes antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine.[4][5] CBT for OCD involves increasing exposure to fears and obsessions while preventing the compulsive behavior that would normally accompany the obsessions.[4] Contrary to this, metacognitive therapy encourages the ritual behaviors in order to alter the relationship to one's thoughts about them.[8] While clomipramine appears to work as well as do SSRIs, it has greater side effects and thus is typically reserved as a second-line treatment.[4] Atypical antipsychotics may be useful when used in addition to an SSRI in treatment-resistant cases but are also associated with an increased risk of side effects.[5][9] Without treatment, the condition often lasts decades.[2]
Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their lives[6] while rates during any given year are about 1.2%.[2] It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of 35, and half of people develop problems before 20.[1][2] Males and females are affected about equally[1] and OCD occurs worldwide.[2] The phrase obsessive–compulsive is sometimes used in an informal manner unrelated to OCD to describe someone as being excessively meticulous, perfectionistic, absorbed, or otherwise fixated.[10]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosis
Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress, but neither delusions nor hallucinations. The term is no longer used by the professional psychiatric community in the United States, having been eliminated from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980 with the publication of DSM III. However, it is still used in the ICD-10 Chapter V F40–48.
Neurosis should not be mistaken for psychosis, which refers to a loss of touch with reality. Nor should it be mistaken for neuroticism, a fundamental personality trait proposed in the Big Five personality traits theory.
Depression (mood)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity.[1] It can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of well-being. [2] The core symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which refers to loss of interest or a loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities that usually bring joy to people.[3] Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia;[4] it is a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one; and it is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments. It may feature sadness, difficulty in thinking and concentration and a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping. People experiencing depression may have feelings of dejection, hopelessness and, sometimes, suicidal thoughts. It can either be short term or long term.
Anxiety
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.[1] It includes subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events.[2][need quotation to verify]
Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.[3] It is often accompanied by muscular tension,[4] restlessness, fatigue and problems in concentration. Anxiety is closely related to fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat; anxiety involves the expectation of future threat.[4] People facing anxiety may withdraw from situations which have provoked anxiety in the past.[5]
Anxiety disorders differ from developmentally normative fear or anxiety by being excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods. They differ from transient fear or anxiety, often stress-induced, by being persistent (e.g., typically lasting 6 months or more), although the criterion for duration is intended as a general guide with allowance for some degree of flexibility and is sometimes of shorter duration in children.[4]
Obsessive–compulsive disorder
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which a person has certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions") or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly (called "compulsions") to an extent that generates distress or impairs general functioning.[1][2] The person is unable to control either the thoughts or activities for more than a short period of time.[1] Common compulsions include hand washing, counting of things, and checking to see if a door is locked.[1] These activities occur to such a degree that the person's daily life is negatively affected,[1] often taking up more than an hour a day.[2] Most adults realize that the behaviors do not make sense.[1] The condition is associated with tics, anxiety disorder, and an increased risk of suicide.[2][3]
The cause is unknown.[1] There appear to be some genetic components, with both identical twins more often affected than both non-identical twins.[2] Risk factors include a history of child abuse or other stress-inducing event.[2] Some cases have been documented to occur following infections.[2] The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and requires ruling out other drug-related or medical causes.[2] Rating scales such as the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) can be used to assess the severity.[7] Other disorders with similar symptoms include anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, tic disorders, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder.[2]
Treatment involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and sometimes antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine.[4][5] CBT for OCD involves increasing exposure to fears and obsessions while preventing the compulsive behavior that would normally accompany the obsessions.[4] Contrary to this, metacognitive therapy encourages the ritual behaviors in order to alter the relationship to one's thoughts about them.[8] While clomipramine appears to work as well as do SSRIs, it has greater side effects and thus is typically reserved as a second-line treatment.[4] Atypical antipsychotics may be useful when used in addition to an SSRI in treatment-resistant cases but are also associated with an increased risk of side effects.[5][9] Without treatment, the condition often lasts decades.[2]
Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their lives[6] while rates during any given year are about 1.2%.[2] It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of 35, and half of people develop problems before 20.[1][2] Males and females are affected about equally[1] and OCD occurs worldwide.[2] The phrase obsessive–compulsive is sometimes used in an informal manner unrelated to OCD to describe someone as being excessively meticulous, perfectionistic, absorbed, or otherwise fixated.[10]