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Post by Admin on Mar 26, 2018 5:55:53 GMT
David Pilgrim i feel speaks a lot of sense - The Failure of Diagnostic Psychiatry and Some Prospects of Scientific Progress Offered by Critical Realism dxsummit.org/archives/1186
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Post by Admin on Mar 31, 2018 18:07:52 GMT
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Post by Admin on Jan 7, 2019 18:07:29 GMT
Philosophers Challenge Psychiatry and its Search for Mechanisms of Disorder Attempting to locate the mechanisms of psychiatric disorder is a step in the wrong direction and fails to challenge potentially unjust social practices. "Dr. Hartner and Dr. Theurer, researchers in philosophy and the social sciences, published a new paper that conscientiously articulates the philosophical problems and taken-for-granted assumptions in psychiatry. They call into question psychiatry’s ongoing attempt to identify the mechanisms that underlie psychiatric “disorders,” for example, by searching for biomarkers of “depression.” Central to their analysis, Hartner and Theurer examine the question that has surfaced time and time again in the field: “What kind of thing is a psychiatric disorder?” They review the meaning behind the question itself and the different positions taken in response. Ultimately, their philosophical assessment leads them to conclude that psychiatry should not continue to seek biomarkers or other mechanisms believed to be the origin of “disorders.” “Psychiatry should not attempt to map its categories to underlying multilevel mechanisms, no matter how complicated, because psychiatry is uniquely and precariously situated at the border of empirical facts and social values, and no mechanism can coherently purport to account for both,” they write. In addition to the fallacies that they argue are embedded in the notion that mechanisms of disorders can be identified, Hartner and Theurer express concerns that uncritically promoting this endeavor is misleading and provides circular support for a flawed diagnostic system. They write: “Moreover, the instability of our existing psychiatric taxonomy gives us reason to worry that a search for mechanisms of disorder, which presumably always has to work backward from diagnostic and classificatory procedures to the biological considerations that justify them, will lend the appearance of scientific validity and empirical respectability to a procedure that is bound to be rife with nonempirical social and value judgments.”" www.madinamerica.com/2019/01/philosophers-challenge-psychiatry-search-mechanisms-disorder/
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Post by Admin on Jan 8, 2019 22:20:46 GMT
What is Contributory Injustice in Psychiatry? An article on contributory injustice describes the clinical and ethical imperative that clinicians listen to service users experiences. By Peter Simons January 8, 2019 "An article on contributory injustice, published in the Journal of Medical Ethics, describes the clinical and ethical imperative that clinicians listen in an open-minded way when service users describe their experiences of hearing voices. Alex James Miller Tate, at the University of Birmingham, UK argues in a new paper that harm is being done to service users when clinicians dismiss their experiences using biomedical language. The term “contributory injustice” refers to this type of refusing to listen to marginalized people." www.madinamerica.com/2019/01/contributory-injustice-psychiatry/Miller Tate, A. J. (2018). Contributory injustice in psychiatry. J Med Ethics. Epub ahead of print. doi:10.1136/ medethics-2018-104761 jme.bmj.com/content/early/2018/10/18/medethics-2018-104761
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Post by Admin on Apr 4, 2019 19:33:55 GMT
International Research Team Proposes a New Taxonomy of Mental Disorders New data interpreted to suggest a hierarchical, dimensional system of mental disorders will aid future research efforts and improve mental health care. www.madinamerica.com/2019/04/international-research-team-proposes-new-taxonomy-mental-disorders/Conway, C. C., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Fried, E. I., Hallquist, M. N., Kotov, R., … Eaton, N. R. (2019). A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research. Perspectives on Psychological Science. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691618810696Abstract "For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system—the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)—that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness."
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Post by Admin on Apr 5, 2019 6:19:54 GMT
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Post by Admin on Jan 22, 2020 18:26:31 GMT
The Classification and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Concerns: A Proposed Practical Scientific Alternative to the DSM and ICD Jeffrey RubinFirst Published June 29, 2017 Research Article journals.sagepub.com/eprint/NV36xCAeIUHPEfRE9ZqA/fullAbstract "The Classification and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Concerns (CSM) is a proposed alternative to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). In contrast to the DSM/ICD overarching concept of “mental disorders,” the CSM’s overarching concept is “mental health concerns.” A mental health concern occurs when a person seeking mental health services expresses to a mental health service provider a concern about any of these topics: behavior, emotion, mood, meaning of life, death, dying, managing chronic pain, addiction, work, relationships, education, eating, cognition, sleep, and challenging life situations. The CSM begins from the perspective of the person seeking services and that is what would be classified in its manual. In addition to classifying mental health concerns, the CSM would describe a collaborative approach between the person expressing the concern and the mental health service provider for creating a psychological formulation narrative that eschews the DSM/ICD pathologizing jargon. Compared with the DSM/ICD approach, the use of the CSM potentially would be less stigmatizing, as well as more practical. Moreover, it would be more consistent with principles of science, eliminate the monopoly of the DSM/ICD mental disorder approach for accessing mental health services, provide a new choice to both mental health service users and providers, challenge old ideas, stimulate fresh perspectives, and open new avenues of research."
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Post by Admin on Mar 5, 2020 14:54:55 GMT
Part of this question around mental health in relationship tp psychiatry, medicine & science, I feel is tied into the far boarder question as to the nature of the Self, consciousness / awareness, truth & reality, & tied into the search for a fuller explanation of the whole of truth & reality - a Theory of Everything. healingsanctuary.proboards.com/thread/5941/theory
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Post by Admin on Jul 6, 2020 11:25:43 GMT
Unboxing mental health Our system for diagnosing mental disorders doesn’t work. The transdiagnostic model offers a humane, clinically sound alternative aeon.co/essays/common-mental-processes-often-underlie-different-diagnoses"Social anxiety disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Major depressive disorder. Borderline personality disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Generalised anxiety disorder. There are numerous labels that describe mental health problems. You might have experienced some of these difficulties yourself or know someone who has. You, or someone you know, might even have experienced several of these difficulties simultaneously. Take ‘Jane’, for example. Jane was a shy and anxious child and now, as a young adult, she lives with a combination of social anxiety (fear of negative evaluation), generalised anxiety (persistent and uncontrollable worry) and depression (low mood and loss of pleasure). Many likely think of Jane’s problems as separate disorders, but what if these are not distinct difficulties but manifestations of a common and underlying issue with mental health that waxes and wanes over time? When I began my clinical psychology training, psychological difficulties were presented as discrete categories of disorder, likely because this has been the best way to organise information about mental health. However, once I started working with people in therapy, it quickly became abundantly clear that this system didn’t fit – most of the people I worked with would have met the criteria for multiple official diagnoses. I wondered how I was going to integrate information across several treatment manuals in a coherent way to work effectively with the numerous difficulties that many of my clients were experiencing. Despite the need for guidelines to support decisions about who ‘has a disorder and who needs treatment’, the categorical diagnostic system is no longer fit for purpose. There is a mismatch between research and public policy on the one hand, which are often based on the categorical system, and, on the other hand, what it’s actually like to live with mental health problems and work in day-to-day clinical practice. It isn’t appropriate or accurate to place the experience of many individuals into convenient diagnostic categories. Clinicians and people with lived experience of mental ill-health have known this for decades, but only more recently have researchers begun to take notice. That’s why the emerging ‘transdiagnostic approach’ to mental health is potentially so important. It defines mental health along a continuum; according to this view, we all share the psychological processes, such as irrational beliefs, anxieties and low moods, that underlie so-called ‘disorders’, but we exhibit them to varying degrees. This helps to account for the apparent overlap between traditional disorders, and makes more sense of the broad spectrum of mental health experiences – from more common, everyday stresses and anxieties understood by almost all people, to anxiety, mood, psychotic or eating difficulties that interfere with someone’s ability to function in their daily life. The transdiagnostic approach promises to shine a light on the common factors that underlie poor mental health, so as to improve classification, research into biopsychosocial processes, and treatment development." Rest in Link.
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Post by Admin on Jan 30, 2021 16:27:52 GMT
Efforts to replace traditional approaches to the classification of mental disorders and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) have gained traction over the past several years. Researchers developing the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) approach have moved away from seeing mental disorders as discrete categories and instead cast them within a dimensional framework, seeing symptoms as occurring within a wider spectrum. In a new article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, HiTOP researchers Christopher Conway and Robert Krueger present evidence that this new approach puts mental health research, training, and treatment on a stronger scientific footing. “Our position is that HiTOP provides substantial added value that makes the switch to a dimensional approach worthwhile for most researchers and clinicians. By portraying mental disorders in terms of dimensions, as opposed to categories, HiTOP preserves information about individual differences in mental health, enabling more reliable and valid measurement,” the authors write. “By deconstructing categorical diagnoses into their constituent parts, it sheds light on the aspects of mental disorder that have the most predictive power. By taking an empirical stance toward classification, it ensures that diagnostic concepts will evolve with new data, not ossify like the many decades-old diagnoses that persist in DSM-5.” HiTOP Dimensional Approach to Mental Disorders Superior to DSM CategoriesThe new HiTOP model takes a dimensional approach to mental disorders and may improve research, training, and treatments. www.madinamerica.com/2021/01/hitop-dimensional-approach-mental-disorders-superior-dsm-categories/Rethinking mental disorder diagnosis: Data-driven psychological dimensions, not categories, as a framework for mental health research, treatment, and trainingAUTHORS Christopher ConwayRobert Krueger psyarxiv.com/9rx6f/Abstract Generations of psychologists have been taught that mental disorder can be carved into discrete categories, each qualitatively different from the others and from normality. This model is now outdated. A preponderance of evidence tells us that (a) individual differences in mental health versus illness are a matter of degree, not kind; and (b) broad mental health conditions (e.g., thought disorder) account for the tendency of narrower ones (e.g., hallucinations, delusions, paranoia) to co-occur. With these observations in mind, researchers are increasingly turning to an alternative diagnostic system, called the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), that describes the broad and specific components of mental disorder. It deconstructs traditional diagnostic categories, such as those listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and recasts them in terms of a profile of dimensions. Recent findings support the utility of this approach for mental health research and intervention efforts. Most importantly, HiTOP has the potential to put mental health research, training, and treatment on a much sounder scientific footing.
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Post by flyingcarpet46 on Mar 21, 2022 12:44:06 GMT
www.madinamerica.com/2022/03/enigma-mdd-project-searching/A critical review of the ENIGMA project to locate physical roots to 'Major Depressive Order'. It it is a huge ongoing project involving meta analysis - not very successful to date in achieving its aims and certainly open to critical evaluation , but an interesting example ot today's scientific endeavours regarding what ENIGMA call brain rather mental illnesses
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Post by Admin on Aug 2, 2023 1:52:50 GMT
Science en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceScience is a neutral, rigorous, systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[1][2] Modern science is typically divided into three major branches:[3] natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study the physical world; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies;[4][5] and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study formal systems, governed by axioms and rules.[6][7] There is disagreement whether the formal sciences are science disciplines,[8][9][10] because they do not rely on empirical evidence.[11][9] Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as in engineering and medicine.[12][13][14] The history of scientific discipline spans the majority of the historical record, with the earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to modern science dating to Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia from around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes, while further advancements, including the introduction of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, were made during the Golden Age of India.[15]: 12 [16] [17][18] Scientific research deteriorated in these regions after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and Gupta empire during the early middle ages (400 to 1000 CE,) but was preserved and expanded upon in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age[19] and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek manuscripts from the dying Byzantine Empire to Western Europe in the Renaissance. The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy",[20][21] which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century[22] as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[23][24] The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape,[25][26] along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science".[27] New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems.[28][29] Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic and research institutions,[30] government agencies, and companies.[31][32] The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the ethical and moral development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection.
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